earth stone jewelry wholesale I work in the computer city. I hope everyone will find some common problems for computer computers. It is best to write the solution. I also thank you first. Thank you! ~! ~! ~
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wholesale jewelry manchester The computer failure is strange. And because the components of the Windows operating system are relatively complicated, once the computer fails, for ordinary users, it is almost impossible to accurately find the reason for its failure. So does it mean that if we encounter a computer failure, we are completely helpless? In fact, this is not the case. Although there are many reasons for the failure of the computer, as long as we observe and summarize it carefully, we can still master the laws and processing methods of some computer failures.在本期的小册子中，我们就将一些最为常见也是最为典型的电脑故障的诊断、维护方法展示给你，通过它，你就会发现——解决电脑故障方法就在你的身边，简单， But effective!
The computers are combined from various accessories. Below, we analyze the often faults that often occur according to each component of the component.
. The motherboard
The motherboard is the key component of the entire computer, which plays a vital role in the computer. If the motherboard fails, it will affect the work of the entire PC system. Below, let's take a look at the most common faults during the use of the motherboard.
Copic fault 1: There is no display at power
The computer boot without display. First of all, we have to check the BIOS. The main board's BIOS stores important hardware data. At the same time, BIOS is also a relatively fragile part in the motherboard, which is very vulnerable to damage. Once damaged, the system will not run. (Of course, it is not ruled out that the motherboard itself fails to run the system.). Generally, the data in the hard disk after being destroyed by the virus will be lost, so we can determine whether the BIOS is destroyed by testing whether the hard disk data is intact. If the hard disk data is intact, then there are three reasons that will cause the phenomenon not displayed without display: :
1. Because there is a problem with the motherboard extension or extension card, the motherboard after the expansion card such as sound card is not responded and no display.
2. The CPU frequency set in CMOS in CMOS is wrong, and it may also cause no failure. In this regard, as long as the CMOS is removed, it can be resolved. Clear CMOS jump lines are generally near the lithium battery of the motherboard. The default location is generally 1 and 2 short circuits. As long as it is changed to 2 or 3 short circuits, it can solve the problem. By the jump line, as long as the battery is removed, it will be displayed after the power is settled and turned off after the CMOS settings.
3. The motherboard cannot identify memory, memory damage or non -matching memory can also cause no display failure. Some old motherboards are relatively picky about memory. Once the main board cannot be recognized, the motherboard cannot be started, and even some motherboards will not give you any fault prompts (tweet). Of course, sometimes in order to expand the memory to improve the system's performance, it will also cause such faults to plug in different brands and types of memory. Therefore, pay more attention during maintenance.
For the failure of the motherboard BIOS being destroyed, we can insert the ISA graphics card to see if there is a display (if there are prompts, you can follow the prompt step to operate.), if there is no boot screen, you can make an automatic update yourself update yourself. BIOS's floppy disk, re -refresh the BIOS, but some motherboard BIOS is destroyed, and the soft drive will not work at all. At this time, you can try to solve it with hot insertion method (I have tried it, as long It can be successfully burned.). However, the use of the same BIOS with the same BIOS may cause damage to some components of the motherboard. Therefore, the reliable method is to write the BIOS update file into the BIOS with the code writer (it is safe to find a computer dealer with this service).
Copic faults: CMOS settings cannot be saved
This is generally caused by insufficient main board battery voltage, which can be replaced, but some motherboard batteries cannot solve problems after replacement There are two possibilities at this time:
1. Motherboard circuit problem, to find professionals for maintenance;
2. Motherboard CMOS jumper problem, sometimes the CMOS jump line on the motherboard is set to the motherboard to set the jump line to the motherboard to be set to the motherboard to be set to the motherboard to be set to the motherboard to be set to the mainboard jump line to be as a jump line to the motherboard to be set to as a jumper on the motherboard to Clear the options, or set it to an external battery, so that the CMOS data cannot be saved.
Copic fault three: The phenomenon of crashes or optical drive reads slowly after installing the motherboard driver under Windows
M sometimes appears on some miscellaneous motherboards. Re -start the computer cannot enter the Windows 98 desktop in a normal mode, and the driver cannot be unloaded under Windows 98. If this happens, it is recommended to find the latest driver and reinstallation.
Copic fault 4: Install Windows or start Windows, the mouse cannot be used
The software for such faults is generally caused by CMOS settings errors. There is a MODEM USE IRQ project in the power management column set by CMOS. His options are 3, 4, 5 ......, NA, respectively. Generally, its default options are 3. Just accept it.
Copic fault 5: Computers frequently crashes. When setting CMOS settings, crashes also occur
The crawling phenomenon in CMOS. Generally, there is a problem with the motherboard or CPU. Only replace the motherboard or CPU.
The failure of such faults is generally caused by the problem of the motherboard cache or poor heat dissipation in the motherboard design. The author has found on the 815EP motherboard that the motherboard is caused by the motherboard's heat dissipation. Touch the main board component around the CPU after the crash, and it is found that its temperature is very hot. After replacing the high -power fan, the crash failure was resolved. For CACHE's problems with problems, we can enter CMOS settings, and can solve the problem smoothly after the cache ban is prohibited. Of course, the speed of Cache will definitely be affected after the ban.
Copic faults 6: Motherboard COM port or parallel port, IDE port failure
This such faults are generally caused by users with power insertion and related hardware. At this time Before, the COM port and parallel port on the motherboard must be prohibited (some motherboards must be prohibited to use normally).
(2) Memory chapter
. Memory
Memory is one of the most important accessories in the computer. Its role is undoubted. So what are the most common faults in memory?
Copic failure: There is no display at power
The cause of memory bar. Such failure is generally caused by poor contact with the motherboard memory slot. Questions (do not clean with alcohol and other), and there is a problem with memory damage or motherboard memory grooves, which can also cause such faults.
The no display failure caused by the instrument of the memory, the host speakers generally have a long time of bee (for Award Bios).
Copic fault 2: Windows registry is often damaged for no reason. It is prompted that users are required to restore
This. Such faults are generally caused by poor memory quality, and it is difficult to repair it.
Copic fault three: Windows often automatically enters the security mode
This such faults are generally caused by the uncomfortable quality of the motherboard and the memory bar or the quality of the memory bar. On the motherboard of this frequency memory bar, you can try to reduce the speed of memory reading in the CMOS settings to see if the problem can be solved.
Copic fault 4: Random crawling
This of this type of failure is generally due to the use of several different chips of memory barrier, due to the different memory of each memory bar, which causes a time difference to cause crashes. This can be set at CMOS settings. The reducing memory speed is resolved, otherwise, the same type of memory is used. There is also a possibility that the memory bar is not compatible with the motherboard. Such phenomena are generally rare, and may also be that the memory strip and the motherboard contact with the motherboard caused the computer random crash.
Copic fault 5: After the memory is increased, the system resources are reduced.
This such phenomena are generally caused by incompatibility between the motherboard and memory. Matters of memory that are common in high frequency are used for some that do not support this frequency. On the motherboard of the memory bar, you can try to set the memory speed in COMS after such a failure.
Copic faults 6: Tips that often appear when running certain software
This is generally caused by insufficient left space of the system disk. You can delete some useless files and leave more space. Generally, keep it in it. About 300M is advisable.
Copic fault 7: When the hard disk guides the installation of Windows to detect disk space, the system prompts insufficient memory
This such faults are generally because the user adds the emm386.exe file to the config.sys file. It can solve the problem if it is shielded.
(3) hard disk chapter
. Hard disk
The hard disk is a software that is responsible for storing our information. The failure of the hard disk will often cause the system to be unable to start and data loss. So, how should we deal with common failures of hard disks?
Copic fault 1: The system does not recognize the hard disk
The system cannot be activated from the hard disk, and it cannot enter the C drive from the A drive. The automatic monitoring function in the CMOS cannot be found. Most of these faults appear on connecting cables or IDE ports. The possibility of the hard disk itself fails. It can be replaced by replace the hard disk cable or replace the IDE port and cables, which will soon find the fault. If the new hard disk is not accepted, a common reason is the main jump line on the hard disk. If two hard disk devices are connected on a IDE hard disk line, you must distinguish the main relationship.
Copic fault two: The hard disk cannot be read and write or cannot be recognized
This is generally caused by CMOS settings fault. The correct type of hard disk in CMOS directly affects the normal use of the hard disk. The current machines all support the function of "IDE Auto Detect", which can automatically detect the type of hard disk. When the hard disk type is wrong, sometimes it is unable to start the system, sometimes it can start, but it will cause reading and writing errors. For example, the type of hard disk in CMOS is smaller than the actual hard disk capacity, the sector behind the hard disk will not be read and write. If it is a multi -zone state, individual partitions will be lost. There is also an important cause of failure. Since the current IDE supports logical parameters, the hard disk can use "Normal, LBA, LARGE", etc. If data is installed in general mode, and it is changed to other modes in CMOS to other modes There will be a hard disk read and writing error failure, because its mapping relationship has changed, and the original correct hard disk position will not be read.
Copic fault three: The system cannot start
The cause of failure is usually based on the following four reasons:
1. Effective bit error
4. DOS guidance file damage
Among them, the DOS guidance file is the simplest. After the boot disk is guided, transmit a guide file to the system. The main guidance program is damaged and the effective position damage of the partition can generally be written with FDISK /MBR. The damage of the partition table is more troublesome. Because the partition cannot be identified, the system will treat the hard disk as a unproof naked disk, which makes some software unable to work. But there is a simple way -using Windows 2000. Find a system equipped with Windows 2000 and hang the damaged hard disk. After booting, because Windows 2000 will scan the new hard disk to be newly connected to the stability of the system hardware. The hard disk scanning program of Windows 2000 CHKDSK has a good repair ability for hard disks damaged for various reasons. After scanning, the hard disk is basically repaired.
has a form of damage to the partition table. Here I call it "partition mapping". The specific performance is a partition that is the same as the active partition. It also includes file structure, content, partition capacity. If the partition content changes in any area, it will be reflected in another place, as if it is a shadow of mapping. I have encountered it, and the 6.4G hard disk became 8.4G (region C -area C). This kind of problem is particularly embarrassing. This problem does not affect the use, and it will not be possible if it is not fixed, but when it is fixed, the norton and PQMAGIC have become blind. No problem perfunctory you. To deal with this problem, only Ghost covers and use Norton's rescue disk to restore the partition table.
Copic fault 4: Hard disk occurs bad disk
This is a shocking word. Recently, IBM reputation has also been said. When you use the disk scanning program of the system Windows system scanning the hard disk, the system prompts that the hard disk may have a bad session, and then a horrible blue flashes. A "B" on a block ...
In fact, most of these bad sectors are logical bad sectors and can be repaired. It is not necessary to repair it at all (it is said that the reason why manufacturers develop self -inspection tools are because the half of the hard disk that cannot stand the repairs is basically a good "cruel" fact).
So what should we do when such a problem occurs?
Once you use "Scandisk" to scan the hard disk, if the program prompts a bad channel, first of all, we should re -use the self -inspection procedures of each brand of hard disks for a complete scan. Note, don't choose to scan quickly, because it can only find about 90%of the problem. In order to rest assured, it is worth it to spend more time. rn如果检查的结果是“成功修复”，那可以确定是逻辑坏道，可以拍拍胸脯喘口气了；假如不是，那就没有什么修复的可能了，如果你的硬盘还在保质期，那Hurry up and change it.
Because the logical bad duct is only marked with the cluster number, it will not be allocated to the file in the future. If it is a logical bad duct, just format the hard disk format. However, in order to prevent the possible discarding phenomenon of formatting (because the cluster has been marked on the cluster, it is a bad cluster, the formatting program may accept this "reality" without inspection, so discard this cluster), it is best to use the heavy zone, use it, use it, use it, use it, use it, use it, and use it. Software such as IBM DM is still quite fast, or Ghost coverage is also possible, but these two solutions will lose more data.
Copic fault 5: The hard disk capacity and the nominal value are obviously inconsistent
In general, the capacity after the formatting of the hard disk will be less than the nominal value, but this gap will never exceed 20 %. Large, you should enter the BIOS settings at the time of power. Make reasonable settings based on your hard disk. If it doesn't work, it may be that your motherboard does not support large -capacity hard disks. At this time, you can try to download the latest motherboard BIOS and refresh it to solve it. This kind of failure appears when a large -capacity hard disk is matched with the old motherboard. In addition, due to the sudden power outage and other reasons, the BIOS settings may cause confusion, which may cause this failure.
Copic faults 6: No matter what device is used, it cannot guide the system
This is generally caused by the "logic lock" of the hard disk by the virus. Prank means. After the logic lock, no matter what device is used, it cannot guide the system normally, and even the floppy disk, optical drive, and hanging dual hard disk have no effect.
The lock principle of "logic lock": The computer will search for the order of all logic disks when guiding the DOS system. When DOS is guided, first go to the partition table information of the main guidance sector, and then find each each Logic disk of expansion partitions. "Logic Lock" modified the normal main guidance partition record, and pointed the first logic disk of the expansion partition to itself, so that the DOS found the first logic disk when starting, and the next logic disk always found itself. This way As soon as it was formed, a dead cycle was formed.
The easier way to unlock the "logic lock" is the "hot plug" hard disk power supply. When the system starts, it will not power the lock -locked hard disk first, and then "heat insert" the power line to the hard disk after the startup is completed, so that the system can control the hard disk normally. This is a very dangerous method. In order to reduce the degree of danger, after encountering "logical locks", everyone is best to deal with the following simple and secure methods.
1. First prepare a startup disk, and then use binary editing tools (recommended Ultraedit) on other normal machines to modify the IO.Sys file on the soft disk (remember to change the attribute of the file to normal before modifying) , Specifically, search for the first "55AA" string in this file, and find any other value after finding it. With this modified system floppy disk, you can smoothly start with the lock -locked hard disk. However, at this time, because the normal partition table of the hard disk has been destroyed, you cannot use "FDISK" to delete and modify the partition. At this time, you can recover or rebuild the partition with software such as Diskman.
2. Because DM is not dependent on the motherboard BIOS to identify the hard disk tools. Even if the hard disk is set to "None" in the motherboard BIOS, the DM can also identify the hard disk You can use DM software to unlock the hard disk.
Plip DM to a system disk first, turn on the lock -up hard disk, press the "DEL" key to enter the BIOS settings, set all the IDE interface to "None" and save it, then exit with a soft disk with a soft disk The system, the system can start "lock", because the system is simply no hard disk at this time. After starting the DM, you will find that DM can identify the hard disk and select the hard disk for partition formatting. This method is simple and convenient, but there is a fatal disadvantage that the data on the hard disk cannot be kept
Copic fault seven: the hard disk cannot be raised at the time of power, and the system does not recognize the hard disk People are terrible. The main reason for this failure is that the data of the main guidance sector of the hard disk is destroyed, manifested as the main guidance signs of the hard disk or the loss of the partition logo. The culprit of this failure is often a virus, and it covers the wrong data to the main guidance sector. Some common anti -virus software on the market provides the function of repairing the hard disk, everyone may wish to try it. However, if there is no such tool disk at hand, you can try to write the full 0 data into the main guidance sector, and then re -partition and formatting. Enter the following command (notes in the bracket):
a:> debug (enter the debug program)
-f 100 3FF0 Command)
mov AX, 0301
mov bx, 0100
mov cx, 0001
mov dx, 0080
int 13
int 03
-g = 400 ( Execute the command to operate the disk)
-q (Return DEBUG program)
In this method can generally resurrect your hard drive, but because it is necessary to re -partition and format, the data inside can be difficult to guarantee It's right. The above are some common faults and solutions that are often used in hard disks. I hope to inspire everyone. If the hard disk fault is very serious and cannot be treated with some of the above methods, it is likely to be a mechanical failure. Because the structure of the hard disk is quite complicated, it is not recommended to disassemble the user by themselves, but the professionals should be used to repair it.
(4) Sound card
. Voice card
Copic failure: Sound card silent
Silent. Click the sound icon (small cough) in the lower right corner of the screen, and the volume adjustment slider appears. There is a "mute" option below. Click the check box in front to clear the sign in the box to pronounce normally.
2. The sound card conflicts with other plug -in cards. The solution is to adjust the system resources used by the PNP card so that each card does not interfere with each other. Sometimes, "Equipment Management" is opened. Although the yellow exclamation mark (conflict sign) has not been seen, the sound card is not sounding, but there is actually a conflict, but the system has not been checked.
3. After installing the Direct X, the sound card cannot be sounded. It shows that the compatibility of this sound card and Direct X is not good, and the driver needs to be updated.
4. A channel is silent. Check whether the audio cable from the sound card to the speaker is disconnected.
Copic fault 2: The noise emitted by the sound card
The common causes of this kind of failure are:
1. Due to the insufficient accuracy of the chassis and the poor sound card baffle manufacturing or installation, the sound card cannot be closely integrated with the motherboard extension slot. The visible "golden finger" on the sound card is misplaced with the expansion slot reed. This phenomenon is on the ISA or PCI card, which is a common failure. Generally can be used to correct with pliers.
2. The source speaker input is connected to the Speaker output end of the sound card. For active speakers, it should be connected to the LINE OUT end of the sound card. The signal it output does not pass through the amplifier on the sound card, and the noise is much smaller. Some sound cards have only one output end, whether LINE OUT or Speaker depends on the jump on the card. The manufacturer's default method is often Speaker, so you need to unplug the sound card to adjust the jumper.
3. The driver comes with Windows is not good. When installing the sound card driver, select the "driver provided by the manufacturer" instead of the "Windows default driver" if you install it in a "adding new hardware". choose. If the driver comes with Windows has been installed, the "control panel → system → device management → sound, video and game controller" can be selected, each sub -device, select the "attribute → driver → change the driver → from the disk Install". At this time, the disk or disc paired with the sound card is inserted into the driver provided by the manufacturer.
Copic fault three: sound cards cannot be "plugged and played"
1. Try to use new drivers or replacement procedures. I used to have a sound card. Under Windows 98, I could n’t install the driver with the original driver disk. I had to use the Creative SB16 driver instead, everything was normal. Later, it was upgraded to Windows ME, and it was not normal to change the sound card driver with Windows 2000 (full version).
2. The most headache is the detection of an instant plug -and -play device under Windows 9X, but it is self -made to help you install the driver. This driver cannot be used. This problem will be repeated and cannot be solved by "adding new hardware". The author leakes a unique trick here: enter the directory, delete all the * .inf files about the sound card and then start it manually. This is a 100 % spiritual inspection. It can also achieve the same purpose.
3. Do not support the installation of the PNP sound card (also applicable to the PNP sound card that cannot be installed in the above PNP method): enter the "control panel"/"add new hardware"/"next step", when prompted "need Windows to search for new new Do you choose "No", and then select "Sound, Video and Game Controller" from the list to install it with a drive drive or directly select the sound card type.
Copic fault 4: Play CD silent
1. Put the CD silently with the "CD player" of Windows 98, but the "CD player" is working normally, which shows that the audio cable of the optical drive is not connected. Use a 4 -core audio cable to connect CD -ROM analog audio output and CD -I in the sound card. This cable will be attached when purchasing CD -ROM.
2. There is only one channel. The output port of the optical drive generally has two signals on the left and right lines, and the middle two lines are ground lines. Because the 4 lines of the audio signal line are generally different, the corresponding interface can be found from the color of the line. If there is only one interface on the sound card or each interface does not match the audio cable, you have to change the wiring order of the audio cable, usually only the two lines can be replaced.
Copic fault five: PCI sound cards appear explosive
generally because the PCI graphics card uses Bus Master technology, the background noise is enlarged by the hard disk read and write, mouse movement and other operations caused by the BUS MASTER technology. Solution: Turn off the Bus Master function of the PCI graphics card, replace it with an AGP graphics card, and change the PCI sound card to the slot.
Copic faults 6: Can't recording normally
First check whether the microphone is inserted into other jacks. Secondly, double -click the small speaker, select the "Properties → Recording" on the menu, see all items to see all items Is the setting correct? Next, the "mixed device" and "line input equipment" are adjusted in "Control Panel → Multimedia → Equipment" and set them to "use". If the "recording" option in "Multimedia → Audio" is gray, it is bad. Of course, it is not no room for saving. You can try the "ISA Plug and Play Bus" in "Add New Hardware → System Equipment". , Simply start the sound card with the card tool software.
Copic fault seven: cannot play WAV music, MIDI Music
The is rare to play WAV music phenomenon, often due to the "audio equipment" under "multimedia" → "equipment" ; If you cannot play MIDI files, there may be three possibilities:
1. Early ISA sound cards may be abnormal due to the 16 -bit mode and 32 -bit mode. Solution
2. Most of the popular PCI sound cards today use wave surface synthesis technology. If the MIDI part cannot be released, it is likely that you do not load the appropriate wave sound library.
3. The MIDI channel in Windows volume control is set to mute mode.
Copic fault eight: PCI sound card uses abnormally under Win98
It users report that everything is normal during the installation of the sound card driver, and there is no device conflict. Other faults occur. This phenomenon usually appears on the PCI sound card. Please check which PCI slot you inserted PCI sound card during the installation process. Some friends like to insert their sound cards away from the AGP slot and near the ISA slot near the ISA slot. The problem often appears here, because the Windows98 has a bug: sometimes it can only correctly identify the sound card that is inserted in PCI-1 and PCI-2. The two PCIs that are close to AGP on the ATX motherboard are PCI-1 and PCI-2 (just on the opposite of some ATX motherboards, PCI-1 is close to ISA), so if you do not install the PCI sound card on the right correct On the slot, the problem will occur.
(5) graphics card
. Five, graphics card
Copic failure: No display
This is generally caused by poor contact with the motherboard or motherboard slot. For some motherboards with integrated graphics cards, if the video memory shares the main memory, it is necessary to pay attention to the position of the memory bar. Generally, there should be a memory bar on the first memory slot. There is no display failure caused by the booting of the graphics card, and a long or two bee sounds are generally emitted after turning on (for the Award Bios graphics card).
Copic fault two: display flower screen, cannot see the handwriting
This such faults are generally caused by the display or graphics card do not support high resolution. When the flower screen, you can switch the startup mode to the security mode, and then enter the display settings under Windows 98, and click the "Application" and "OK" button in 16 colors. Re -start, delete the graphics card driver in the normal mode of the Windows 98 system, and restart the computer. You can also not enter the security mode. In the pure DOS environment, edit the System.ini file, change the display.drv = pnpdrver to display.drv = vga.drv, exit, and then update the driver in Windows.
Copic fault three: Color display is abnormal
This such faults generally have the following reasons:
1. Poor exposure to the graphics card and the monitor signal line
2. When running in certain software, the color is abnormal, which is generally common in old -fashioned machines. There is an option to check the color in BIOS. Open it
4. The graphics card is damaged; Such phenomena are generally caused by excessive closeness to objects with magnetic properties. After magnetization, it may also cause a deflection of the display screen.
Copic fault four: crashes
This such faults are generally common in the inadequate or poor contact between the motherboard and the graphics card; the inadequate compatibility of the graphics card and other extension cards can also cause crashes.
Copic fault 5: Disposable points or patterns appear on the screen
This is generally caused by the inactivation of the Mizuka in the graphics card or poor contact with the motherboard. Need to clean the graphics card gold finger or replace the graphics card.
Copic faults ==== Key ㄇ 绦蚨 绦蚨? br />
In graphics card driver loaded, and the driver is lost automatically after running for a period of time. Such faults are generally due to poor quality of graphics cards Or the graphics card is not compatible with the motherboard, making the temperature of the graphics card too high, which causes the system to run unstable or crash. At this time, only the graphics card is replaced.
In addition, there are a special case. In the past, the graphics card driver could be loaded, but after the graphics card driver was loaded, the crash appeared when entering Windows. After loading its driver in other types of graphics cards, the old graphics card can be replaced. If such faults cannot be resolved, the registry failure can be explained, and the registry can be restored or reinstalled the operating system.
(6) The display chapter
6. The display
The display for a long time, and various small problems will follow. Experts believe that it is actually very simple to solve these small problems, and you can see where the fault is used with a pair of eyes.
Copic fault 1: When the computer was just turned on, the screen of the display was very shaking, and sometimes even the icons and text could not be seen clearly, but after one or two minutes In humid weather, it is due to the moisture inside the display. To solve this problem thoroughly, you can use the tide -proof sand in the food packaging to string with a cotton wire, and then open the back cover of the display to hang the moisture -proof sand near the tail of the pipe neck near the tube seat. In this way, even in humid weather, the above "problems" will not occur.
Copic faults 2: After the computer is turned on, the display only smells its painting and is dark. It will not be dark after tens of minutes. Tube seat. After disassembling the cover, you can see a small circuit board at the tail of the pipe, and the tube is welded on the circuit board. Carefully remove this circuit board, welding the pipe seats, go to the e -store to buy a seat seat, and then weld the tube seat back to the circuit board. At this time, do not rush to install the circuit board. A small piece of sandpaper should be displayed. Carefully wipe the protruding tube foot with sandpaper with sandpaper. Especially pay attention to the oxidation layer on the tube foot. If it is not clean, the old disease will recur. Put back the circuit board back and make great achievements.
Copic fault three: There are always lingering interference mixed waves or lines on the display screen, and there are annoying murmurs in the speakers
This phenomenon is mostly caused by the poor interference of the power supply. If you are too lazy to do it, you can replace a new power supply. If you have enough hands -on ability, you can also try to change the filter capacitance yourself, which can often work; if the effect is not obvious, you can put the switch tube a
wholesale wedding jewelry bridesmaids Common questions and answers of computers (2)
FAQ and answers
1: What files are win386.swp, why can't I delete
Exist in ME's system)
It you can set its size!
Reference: The minimum value should be the number of physical memory plus 12 (more than 256MB in the physics)
This is 128MB or less recommended value is 1.75 times the physical memory
in the place where the physical memory is 1.75 times
The settings between 128MB and 256MB are 1.5 times
256MB or more. It is set to 2.5 times
The recommended page files are placed in a hard disk zone `` dispersal influence speed! Intersection
can also be prohibited! (The system defaults to Manage Windows itself!)
It you can delete with the Del command under the DOS. (However, it will be automatically generated after booting)
2: How to restore the registry (for 9x /me)
Answer: Start to DOS to enter scanreg /restore to choose to recover. Choose the date before the problem!
In more detailed registry recovery and backup, please see here!
000/xp
I general we generally see the information of "2000/xp" in the computer Then press the F8 key. Then select "the last correct configuration" in the interface that appears, and then return to the car. After the operation is completed, the registry will be restored to the state when the computer was successfully started last time!
3: Jinshan Poison Bully 2002 / Jinshan Net Dart 2002 failure and processing method that cannot be upgraded. Starting the "Uninstalled Kingsoft Poison 2002" option in the "Kingsoft Poison 2002" in the menu, automatically uninstall Kingsoft Poison 2002.
2. In the installation of the "My Computer" Zhongkinshan Poison 2002, delete the folder of Jinshan Poison 2002.
3. Delete the key value of Kingsoft Poison 2002 from the registry. Select "Run" from the start menu, enter Regedit and return to the registry.
In the editing menu and select "Find" to select the content as "Primary Key" to enter antivirus. The
antivirus directory that will be found in the KingSoft directory is deleted (other antivirus software is also useful for Antivirus, please pay attention to only antivirus in the KingSoft directory) until
The display is complete.
4. Find C: Program Files. This folder is a hidden folder. Mo
In the case, you can't see it. The input path ‘you can enter!
This installation of historical files In this file, it is characterized by the icon of the setup.exe file is the double arrow logo of the poison. Delete this folder after finding.
======================
It if poison tyrant 2002 cannot be upgraded or upgraded online?
If When an online upgrade, it is prompted that some programs cannot complete the upgrade during use. The relevant components of the termination of the drug tyrant include the network
darts, firewalls, mail monitoring, small penguin security assistants, etc., and then hold down Ctrl Alt delete ( The combination button of the hot start), in the pop -up window
, terminate the operation of the program (if so). Finally, please click the start | Program | Kingsoft Poison XXXX | Intelligent update program, this
's online upgrade of poison tyrants will be successful.
If you can't upgrade or upgrade online, please click;
onTrack company is a very powerful hard disk data recovery tool Essence Since the reconstruction file partition table in memory enables the data to be transmitted to other drivers safely, users can recover data from the virus damage or formatted hard disk. Parameter data blocks, partition tables, FAT tables, and guidance areas can be restored by it.
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Dongshi VDP7
Dongshi Information Co., Ltd. has been committed to the development and development of high -tech software engaged in computer tools and network applications. Its main products include virtual discs, virtual restores and virtual virtual Classroom and other "virtual" series software. The latest virtual CD V7.0 stand -alone version (VDP7) provides more user -friendly operating interface and powerful features based on previous versions. VDP7 can support a variety of window operating systems, including the latest Windows XP, and can identify the boot of multi -zone guidance.
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22: How to transform between NTFS and FAT32
Answer: We can save the original data through PQ (hard disk magician, it is also dangerous. Implementation, whether it is NTFS-> FAT32 or FAT32-> NTFS (Note NTFS-> FAT32, requires the NTFS partition to be not compressed, if it is compressed, it will not be converted!)
fat/fat32 -> NTFS operation (the system is required to install 2000 or XP)
In the "Convent X:/FS: NTFS"
fat/fat32-> NTFS in the Windows directory under the DOS command; When installing XP or 2000, the system will ask if you want to convert to NTFS consent
to format the NTFS partition with a 2000 installation disc! (XP's ones are used with XP, and the operation process can be used for reference 2000!)
The use of Windows 2000 CD-ROM or starting the computer to start the computer.
When the "Welcome to the Installation Program" screen appears, press the F10 key.
In the "failure recovery console", select appropriate installation options and log in with your administrator password.
Type the map and press Enter.
New divers that you want to re -format.
The remarks: The driver's disk may be different from the Windows 2000 in the "fault recovery console".
Type Format:/FS: FAT32, which is the disk letter of the driver you want to format, and FAT32 is the file system you want to use.
Type Y to confirm your choice. When the re -format process is completed, type exit to restart the computer.
If you still do n’t know how to see here
23: How to use ghost to backup and restore the system
Answer: 1. First of all There is no error in stability, and the necessary software and hardware have been installed. If the system is not sure whether the system is in the best state, you can use the first method to reinstall it once, and install the required software and hardware, and then use GHOST to perform it for it for Backup.
2. Turn off other running programs during the insurance period, then run the GHOST program, and then enter the interface similar to DOS, but also has a menu, select Local-> Partition-> to Image, talk about dialogue The box, title "Select Local Source Drive by Clicing on the Drive Number". If you use a dual hard disk, select the corresponding hard disk, and use a hard disk to determine directly. Subsequently, the dialog box popped up, the title "Select Source Partition (S) from Basic Drive: 1 (or 2, Definition of the situation)", this is the partition that allows you to back up, click the partition name and determine. You can choose more here, and generally backup the partition where the system is located.
3. The path of a backup file for pop -up dialog boxes is called "File name to copy image to", "LOOK in" display path, the buttons on the right are "upward" and "new folder", just pay attention to pay attention The Chinese name cannot be displayed normally. It is replaced by strange symbols. First, build a pinyin or simple English word. Then type the file name and select the preserved type. Generally, the default "*.Gho", as well as "*.GHS", "*. IMG", "*. Raw" and "*.*". You need to select the corresponding type, and then save it according to "Save".
4. The pop -up dialog box "Compress Images File" asked, this is to ask whether to compress the backup data and give 3 options: NO indicates that it is not compressed. Fast indicates that the compression ratio is small and the backup speed is faster. The compression ratio is high but the execution rate is quite slow. Finally, select the YES button to start the partition hard disk backup.
5. The dialog box "Proceed with Pattition MP" is popped up again. Ask if the recycling station in the partition is also backup. Long, you can exit Ghost after the backup is over.
In the backup file to reinstall it. It should be noted that this operation will cover all the contents of the partition. If you have the documents you need Move to other partitions. The method of reinstalling the system is as follows:
enter the GHOST program, select the menu Local-> Partition-> From Image, pop up the dialog box to ask the path where the backup is available, open the file, pop up the dialog box requires selecting the recovery to recover. The hard disk and partition where the system is located, after confirming, the dialog box warning again, the selected partition will be covered. After confirmation, the system will be restored to the system. After the progress bar reaches 100%, Ghost can be exited.
It, you can also see here
24: Can you explain the boot.ini file/how to modify the boot.ini file
Answer: [boot loader]
timeout = 30
default = multi (0) disk (0) RDISK (0) partition (4) Winnt
[operating systems]
multi (0) disk (0) rdisk (0) partition (0) partition (0) partition (0) partition 4)WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 " / rn multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)WINNT="Windows NT Server Version 4.00" rn multi(0)disk(0 ) RDISK (0) Partition (1) Winnt = "Windows Nt Server Version 4.00 [vga Mode]" /basevideo /sos
C: = "Microsoft Windows"
Loader) and operating system parts. In the guidance loading section, timeout = xx means waiting for the user to choose the operating system, the default is 30 seconds; default = xxxxx indicates the operating system path that the system is to load by default in the default situation, manifested as the high bright bar waiting for the user chose during startup when starting the startup. part. In the operating system section, all operating system paths and lists are listed for users to choose from. At this point, we have a preliminary understanding of the general framework of the file. But what does "Multi/SCSI (X) DISK (X) rdisk (x) partition (x)" represent? This requires us to understand ARC (senior RISC computers) naming, which is a dynamic method for identifying devices in X86 or RISC computers.
The first part of ARC is used to identify the hardware adaptation card/disk controller. It has two options: SCSI and Multi. Multi represents a non -SCSI hard disk or a SCSI hard disk accessed by SCSI BIOS, while SCSI indicates a SCSI hard disk prohibited by SCSI BIOS; (X) is the hardware adapter card serial number; The adaptation card is MULTI, and the correct way to represent is DISK (0); RDISK (X) represents the serial number of the hard disk, that is, if the hardware adaptation card is SCSI, the value is ignored; partition (x) indicates the partition number of the hard disk. In this way, it can be expressed in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Therefore, we can understand the specific meaning of various settings in Boot.ini.
It also finds options such as/basevideo,/sos,/fastdect, all of which are switching. /Basevideo switch can make the graphics card displaying the driver with a resolution of 640 × 480, which can ensure that the system can still be guided by the system when the driver is not matched; name. There are some switches like this, such as/debug,/,//nodebug, etc., I won't go into details here. Interested friends can find some related books to see. After understanding these, if you format some partitions and reinstall a certain or or some operating system, this may come in handy. For example, it is necessary to format the C drive, D drive, and the NT Server 4.0 is installed on the C drive. C, D, E disks are FAT file systems, and F drives are NTFS file systems. Due to the formatting C drive, the boot.ini in the root directory is lost, and the information on the start of Win 2000 is also lost. If we reinstall the system for this, it seems to be upset and unbearable. After understanding the boot.ini file, we can find it in the CD -Rile Catalog, remove the attributes that only read, and edit it. Add the following information under [Operating Systems]: "Multi (X) DISK (X) rdisk (x) partition (x) winnt =" microsoft Windows 2000 " /" /", and the specific content should be based on different configuration conditions of personal computer hardware. It is determined that this configuration of my computer is "Multi (0) DISK (0) RDISK (0) Partition (5) Winnt5 =" Microsoft Windows 2000 " /", which indicates that the directory of loading Win 2000 is g: winnt5. In this way, when we choose this, the system will find the required information in this directory and load the program to complete the task of starting the Win 2000. Of course, we directly edit and modify this file are not as perfect as reinstallation, because the installation program modification during the new installation is not just this file, so this approach can be regarded as a shortcut. If we are too lazy to reinstall it, this method is worth trying.
25: Why does my XP always come back for no reason!
: XP will restart, I can tell you. Generally speaking, it is not a system. It is the problem of the driver you use. The high probability is the graphics card driver. You are not installed by the driver of Microsoft digital signature or unofficial driver. Sometimes there will be severe errors in the system. Will start again! Solution: My computer-attribute ---- Advanced-starting and failure recovery settings --- remove the "automatic restart" ~ (but in this way, maybe your XP will have a blue screen-for some Above
wholesale mississippi state jewelry Computer failure analysis
The cause of failure in the computer is confusing and elusive. And because the components of Windows*are relatively complicated, once the computer fails, for ordinary users, it is almost impossible to accurately find out its failure. So does it mean that if we encounter a computer failure, we are completely helpless? In fact, this is not the case. Although there are many reasons for the failure of the computer, as long as we observe and summarize it carefully, we can still master the laws and processing methods of some computer failures.在本期的小册子中，我们就将一些最为常见也是最为典型的电脑故障的诊断、维护方法展示给你，通过它，你就会发现——解决电脑故障方法就在你的身边，简单， But effective! The computer is composed of various accessories. Below, we analyze the often faults that have often occurred according to each component of the computer. The motherboard motherboard is the key component of the entire computer, which plays a vital role in the computer. If the motherboard fails, it will affect the work of the entire PC system. Below, let's take a look at the most common faults during the use of the motherboard. Common fault 1: There is no display computer on the power -on, and the first thing we want to check is BIOS. The main board's BIOS stores important hardware data. At the same time, BIOS is also a relatively fragile part in the motherboard, which is very vulnerable to damage. Once damaged, the system will not run. (Of course, it is not ruled out that the motherboard itself fails to run the system.). Generally, the data in the hard disk after being destroyed by the virus will be lost, so we can determine whether the BIOS is destroyed by testing whether the hard disk data is intact. If the hard disk data is intact, then there are three reasons. Because the motherboard extension slot or extension card has problems, the motherboard after the expansion card such as sound card is not responded without display. 2. The CPU frequency set in CMOS in the CMOS is wrong, and it may also cause no failure. In this regard, as long as the CMOS is removed, it can be solved. Clear CMOS jump lines are generally near the lithium battery of the motherboard. The default location is generally 1 and 2 short circuits. As long as it is changed to 2 or 3 short circuits, it can solve the problem. By the jump line, as long as the battery is removed, it will be displayed after the power is settled and turned off after the CMOS settings. 3. The motherboard cannot identify memory, memory damage or non -matching memory can also cause no display failure. Some old motherboards are relatively picky about memory. Once the main board cannot be recognized, the motherboard cannot be started, and even some motherboards will not give you any fault prompts (tweet). Of course, sometimes in order to expand the memory to improve the system's performance, it will also cause such faults to plug in different brands and types of memory. Therefore, pay more attention during maintenance. For the failure of the motherboard BIOS, we can insert the ISA graphics card to see if there is a display (if there are prompts, you can follow the prompt step*.), If there is no boot screen, you can make a soft disk for automatic update BIOS. , Re -refresh the BIOS, but some motherboard BIOS is destroyed, and the soft drive will not work at all. At this time, you can try to solve it with a hot insertion method (I have tried it, as long as the BIOS is the same, it can be in the motherboard of the same level. Successfully burned.). However, the use of hot plug -in to remove the same BIOS may also cause damage to some components of the motherboard, so? The method is to write the BIOS update file into BIOS with a code writer (it is safer to find a computer dealer with this service). Common fault 2: CMOS settings cannot be saved. Such failures are generally caused by insufficient main board battery voltage, which can be replaced, but some motherboard batteries cannot solve the problem after replacement. At this time, there are two possibilities: 1. The motherboard circuit The question is to find a professional for professional; 2. Mother CMOS jumper problem. Sometimes, the CMOS jump line on the motherboard is set to remove the options or set it to an external battery, so that the CMOS data cannot be saved. Common fault three: After installing the motherboard driver under Windows, the phenomenon of slowing or optical drive read the disk becomes slower. Sometimes such phenomena will occur on some miscellaneous motherboards. After the motherboard driver is installed, the computer cannot be restored in normal mode in normal mode. Enter the Windows 98 desktop, and the driver cannot be uninstalled under Windows 98. If this happens, it is recommended to find the latest driver and reinstallation. Common fault 4: When installing Windows or starting Windows, the reason for the mouse cannot be used in the mouse cannot be caused by the error of the CMOS settings. There is a MODEM USE IRQ project in the power management column set by CMOS. His options are 3, 4, 5 ......, NA, respectively. Generally, its default options are 3. Just accept it. Common fault five: Computers frequently crashes. When setting CMOS settings, crashes also occur in CMOS. Generally, there are problems with the motherboard or CPU. If the failure cannot be resolved, only the motherboard or CPU is replaced. Such failures are caused by problems with the motherboard Cache or poor heat dissipation in the motherboard design. The author has found that the fault is caused by the motherboard's heat dissipation insufficient heat dissipation on the 815EP motherboard. Touch the main board component around the CPU after the crash, and it is found that its temperature is very hot. After replacing the high -power fan, the crash failure was resolved. For CACHE's problems with problems, we can enter CMOS settings, and can solve the problem smoothly after the cache ban is prohibited. Of course, the speed of Cache will definitely be affected after the ban. Common faults 6: Motherboard COM port or parallel port, IDE port loss, such faults are generally caused by users with power insertion related hardware. At this time, users can replace with multi -function cards. However The COM port and parallel port (some motherboards must be prohibited to use normally). Common faults of graphics cards: There is no display of such faults in power on the boot because there are poor contact with the motherboard or the motherboard slot. For some motherboards with integrated graphics cards, if the video memory shares the main memory, it is necessary to pay attention to the position of the memory bar. Generally, there should be a memory bar on the first memory slot. There is no display failure caused by the booting of the graphics card, and a long or two bee sounds are generally emitted after turning on (for the Award Bios graphics card). Common faults 2: Display flower screens. The faults that cannot be seen clearly are generally caused by display or graphics cards that do not support high resolution. When the flower screen, you can switch the startup mode to the security mode, and then enter the display settings under Windows 98, and click the "Application" and "OK" button in 16 colors. Re -start, delete the graphics card driver in the normal mode of the Windows 98 system, and restart the computer. You can also not enter the security mode. In the pure DOS environment, edit the System.ini file, change the display.drv = pnpdrver to display.drv = vga.drv, exit, and then update the driver in Windows. Common fault three: color display is abnormal. Such faults generally have the following reasons: 1. Poor contact with the displays and the display signal line 2. The display itself 3. The color is abnormal when running in certain software. It is generally common in old -fashioned machines There is an option that has verified colors in BIOS, which can be turned on 4. The graphics card is damaged; 5. The monitor is magnetized. Such phenomena are generally caused by the excessive close to the magnetic properties. Causes the display screen to deflect. Common fault 4: This type of failure is generally common in the inadequate or poor contact between the motherboard and the graphics card or the motherboard and the graphics card; if the graphics card is not compatible with other extension cards, it can also cause crashes. Common fault 5: Disposal or patterns such as screens or patterns are generally caused by poor video memory in the graphics card or poor contact with the motherboard. Need to clean the graphics card gold finger or replace the graphics card. Common fault 6: The graphics card driver lost the graphics card driver loaded, and the driver is automatically lost after running for a period of time. Such faults are generally due to the poor quality of the graphics card or not compatible with the motherboard. Unstable or crash, only the graphics card is replaced at this time. In addition, there is a special case that can be loaded into the graphics card driver before, but after the graphics card driver is loaded, it crashes when entering Windows. After loading its driver in other types of graphics cards, the old graphics card can be replaced. If such faults cannot be resolved, the registry failure can be explained, and the registry can be restored or reinstalled. A common failure of sound cards: sound card silent. The common reasons for this kind of failure are: 1. The driver is output as "mute" by default. Click the sound icon (small cough) in the lower right corner of the screen, and the volume adjustment slider appears. There is a "mute" option below. Click the check box in front to clear the sign in the box to pronounce normally. 2. The sound card conflicts with other plug -in cards. The solution is to adjust the system resources used by the PNP card so that each card does not interfere with each other. Sometimes, "Equipment Management" is opened. Although the yellow exclamation mark (conflict sign) has not been seen, the sound card is not sounding, but there is actually a conflict, but the system has not been checked. 3. After installing the Direct X, the sound card cannot be sounded. It shows that the compatibility of this sound card and Direct X is not good, and the driver needs to be updated. 4. A channel silent. Check whether the audio cable from the sound card to the speaker is disconnected. Common fault 2: The noise from the sound card is too loud. The common causes of this kind of failure are: 1. Inserture cards. Due to the insufficient accuracy of the chassis and the poor sound card baffle manufacturing or installation, the sound card cannot be closely integrated with the motherboard extension slot. The visible "golden finger" on the sound card is misplaced with the expansion slot reed. This phenomenon is on the ISA or PCI card, which is a common failure. Generally can be used to correct with pliers. 2. Active speaker input to the Speaker output terminal connected to the sound card. For active speakers, it should be connected to the LINE OUT end of the sound card. The signal it output does not pass through the amplifier on the sound card, and the noise is much smaller. There is only one output end on some sound cards, is LINE OUT or Speaker? The jump on the card determines that the default method of the manufacturer is often Speaker, so you need to unplug the sound card to adjust the jumper. 3. The driver comes with Windows is not good. When installing the sound card driver, select the "driver provided by the manufacturer" instead of the "Windows default driver" if you install it in a "adding new hardware". choose. If the driver comes with Windows has been installed, the "control panel → system → device management → sound, video and game controller" can be selected, each sub -device, select the "attribute → driver → change the driver → from the disk Install". At this time, the disk or disc paired with the sound card is inserted into the driver provided by the manufacturer. Common fault three: sound cards cannot be "plugged and played" 1. Try to use a new driver or replacement program. I used to have a sound card. Under Windows 98, I could n’t install the driver with the original driver disk. I had to use the Creative SB16 driver instead, everything was normal. Later, it was upgraded to Windows ME, and it was not normal to change the sound card driver with Windows 2000 (full version). 2. The most headache is that it is detected by Windows 9X to detect that it is inserted and played with the device but it is self -made to help you install the driver. This driver cannot be used. In the future, you will repeat this when you delete the reinstallation. The problem, and cannot be solved by "adding new hardware". The author leakes a unique trick here: enter the directory, delete all the * .inf files about the sound card and then start it manually. This is a 100 % spiritual inspection. It can also achieve the same purpose. 3. Do not support the installation of the PNP sound card (also applicable to the PNP sound card that cannot be installed in the above PNP method): enter the "control panel"/"add new hardware"/"next step", when prompted "need Windows to search for new hardware? "At that time, select" No ", and then select" Sound, Video and Game Controller "from the list" to install the type of sound card or directly select the sound card type for installation. Common fault 4: Play CD silently 1. completely silent. Put the CD silently with the "CD player" of Windows 98, but the "CD player" is working normally, which shows that the audio cable of the optical drive is not connected. Use a 4 -core audio cable to connect CD -ROM analog audio output and CD -I in the sound card. This cable will be attached when purchasing CD -ROM. 2. There is only one channel. The output port of the optical drive generally has two signals on the left and right lines, and the middle two lines are ground lines. Because the 4 lines of the audio signal line are generally different, the corresponding interface can be found from the color of the line. If there is only one interface on the sound card or each interface does not match the audio cable, you have to change the wiring order of the audio cable, usually only the two lines can be replaced. Common fault 5: PCI sound cards are generally due to the PCI graphics card using Bus Master technology caused by the hard disk reading and writing, mouse movement, etc. of the hard disk on the PCI bus. Solution: Turn off the Bus Master function of the PCI graphics card, replace it with an AGP graphics card, and change the PCI sound card to the slot. Common fault six: Can't record normally, first check whether the microphone is wrong into other jacks. Secondly, double -click the small speaker, select "Properties → Recording" on the menu, and see if the settings are correct. Next, the "mixed device" and "line input equipment" are adjusted in "Control Panel → Multimedia → Equipment" and set them to "use". If the "recording" option in "Multimedia → Audio" is gray, it is bad. Of course, it is not no room for saving. You can try the "ISA Plug and Play Bus" in "Add New Hardware → System Equipment". , Simply start the sound card with the card tool software. Common fault seven: It is rare to play WAV music, MIDI music cannot play WAV music phenomenon, often due to the "audio equipment" under "multimedia" → "equipment", there is no one to disable; The following 3 possibilities: 1. The early ISA sound card may be due to the abnormal MIDI playback due to the incompatibility of the 16 -bit mode and the 32 -bit mode. It should be solved by installing the software wave table. Table synthesis technology, if the MIDI part cannot be released, it is likely that you do not load the appropriate wave sound library. 3. The MIDI channel in Windows sound particles control is set to mute mode. Common fault eight: PCI sound cards use abnormal use under Win98. Some users report that everything is normal during the installation of the sound card driver, and there is no device conflict, but under Win98, there is no sound or other faults. This phenomenon usually appears on the PCI sound card. Please check which PCI slot you inserted PCI sound card during the installation process. Some friends like to insert the sound card away from the AGP slot out of the consideration of heat dissipation,? Those PCI slots near the ISA slot. The problem often appears here, because the Windows98 has a bug: sometimes it can only correctly identify the sound card that is inserted in PCI-1 and PCI-2. And on the ATX motherboard tightly? The two PCIs of AGP are PCI-1 and PCI-2 (just on the opposite of some ATX motherboards, tight? Isa is PCI-1), so if you do not install the PCI sound card on the correct slot, the problem will be the problem. It will produce. The hard disk hard disk is the warehouse that is responsible for storing our information. If the handling of the hard disk is not handled properly, it will often cause the system to be unable to start and the data loss. So, how should we deal with common faults of the hard disk? Common fault 1: The system does not recognize that the hard disk system cannot be started from the hard disk, and it cannot enter the C drive from starting from A disk. The automatic monitoring function in CMOS cannot be found. Most of these faults appear on connecting cables or IDE ports. The possibility of the hard disk itself fails. It can be replaced by replace the hard disk cable or replace the IDE port and cables, which will soon find the fault. If the new hard disk is not accepted, a common reason is the main jump line on the hard disk. If two hard disk devices are connected on a IDE hard disk line, you must distinguish the main relationship. Common fault two: Hard disk cannot be read and write or cannot be recognized. This kind of failure is generally caused by CMOS settings fault. The correct type of hard disk in CMOS directly affects the normal use of the hard disk. The current machines all support the function of "IDE Auto Detect", which can automatically detect the type of hard disk. When the hard disk type is wrong, sometimes it is unable to start the system, sometimes it can start, but it will cause reading and writing errors. For example, the type of hard disk in CMOS is smaller than the actual hard disk capacity, the sector behind the hard disk will not be read and write. If it is a multi -zone state, individual partitions will be lost. There is also an important cause of failure. Since the current IDE supports logical parameters, the hard disk can use "Normal, LBA, LARGE", etc. If data is installed in general mode, and it is changed to other modes in CMOS to other modes There will be a hard disk read and writing error failure, because its mapping relationship has changed, and the original correct hard disk position will not be read. Common fault three: The system cannot start this type of failure is usually based on the following four reasons: 1. Damage of the main guidance program 2. Dempernation of partition tables 3. Effective bit of partitions 4. DOS guidance file damage is damaged. After the boot disk is guided, transmit a guide file to the system. The main guidance program is damaged and the effective position damage of the partition can generally be written with FDISK /MBR. The damage of the partition table is more troublesome. Because the partition cannot be identified, the system will treat the hard disk as a unproof naked disk, which makes some software unable to work. But there is a simple way -using Windows 2000. Find a system equipped with Windows 2000 and hang the damaged hard disk. After booting, because Windows 2000 will scan the new hard disk to be newly connected to the stability of the system hardware. The hard disk scanning program of Windows 2000 CHKDSK has a good repair ability for hard disks damaged for various reasons. After scanning, the hard disk is basically repaired. There is another form of partition table damage. Here I call it "partition mapping". The specific performance is a partition that is the same as the activity partition. It also includes file structure, content, partition capacity. If the partition content changes in any area, it will be reflected in another place, as if it is a shadow of mapping. I have encountered it, and the 6.4G hard disk became 8.4G (region C -area C). This kind of problem is particularly embarrassing. This problem does not affect the use, and it will not be possible if it is not fixed, but when it is fixed, the norton and PQMAGIC have become blind. No problem perfunctory you. To deal with this problem, only Ghost covers and use Norton's rescue disk to restore the partition table. Common fault four: Hard disk is a bad disk. This is a shocking word that is scared. Recently, IBM reputation has also been under the rivers. When you use the disk scanning program of the system Windows system scanning the hard disk, the system prompts that the hard disk may have a bad session, and then a horrible blue flashes. A "B" was marked on a block ... In fact, most of these bad sectors are logical bad sectors and can be repaired. It is not necessary to repair it at all (it is said that the reason why manufacturers develop self -inspection tools are because the half of the hard disk that cannot stand the repairs is basically a good "cruel" fact). So, what should we do when such a problem occurs? Once you use "Scandisk" to scan the hard disk, if the program prompts a bad channel, first of all, we should re -use the self -inspection procedures of each brand of hard disks for a complete scan. Note, don't choose to scan quickly, because it can only find about 90%of the problem. In order to rest assured, it is worth it to spend more time. If the result of the inspection is "successful restoration", it can be determined that it is a logical bad duct, and you can pat the breast to breathe; if not, then there is no possibility of repair. If your hard disk is still in the shelf life, then hurry up and replace it to replace it. Bar. Because the logical bad sector is only marked with the cluster number, it will not be allocated to the file in the future. If it is a logical bad duct, just format the hard disk format. However, in order to prevent the possible discarding phenomenon of formatting (because the cluster has been marked on the cluster, it is a bad cluster, the formatting program may accept this "reality" without inspection, so discard this cluster), it is best to use the heavy zone, use it, use it, use it, use it, use it, use it, and use it. Software such as IBM DM is still quite fast, or Ghost coverage is also possible, but these two solutions will lose more data. Common fault five: The hard disk capacity is obviously inconsistent with the nominal value. Generally speaking, the capacity of the hard disk formatting will be less than the nominal value, but this gap will never exceed 20 %. BIOS settings. Make reasonable settings based on your hard disk. If it doesn't work, it may be that your motherboard does not support large -capacity hard disks. At this time, you can try to download the latest motherboard BIOS and refresh it to solve it. This kind of failure appears when a large -capacity hard disk is matched with the old motherboard. In addition, due to the sudden power outage and other reasons, the BIOS settings may cause confusion, which may cause this failure. Common faults 6: No matter what device is used, the failure of the system. This failure is generally caused by the "logic lock" of the virus by the virus. "Hard disk logical lock" is a very common prankble method. After the logic lock, no matter what device is used, it cannot guide the system normally, and even the floppy disk, optical drive, and hanging dual hard disk have no effect. "Logic lock" lock principle: When the computer guides the DOS system, it will search for the order of all logic disks. When DOS is guided, first go to the partition table information of the main guidance sector, and then find the logic of each extended partition. plate. "Logic Lock" modified the normal main guidance partition record, and pointed the first logic disk of the expansion partition to itself, so that the DOS found the first logic disk when starting, and the next logic disk always found itself. This way As soon as it was formed, a dead cycle was formed. The easier way to unlock the "logical lock" is "hot plugging" hard disk power supply. It is not to add electricity to the lock -locked hard disk when the system starts. After the startup is completed, the hard disk is "hot -inserted" to the power line, so that the system can control the hard disk normally. This is a very dangerous method. In order to reduce the degree of danger, after encountering "logical locks", everyone is best to deal with the following simple and secure methods. 1. First prepare a startup disk, and then use binary editing tools (recommended UltraEdit) on other normal machines to modify the iO.Sys file on the floppy disk (remember to change the attributes of the file to normal before modifying), the specific is the specific is). Search the first "55AA" string in this file and find any other values after finding it. With this modified system floppy disk, you can smoothly start with the lock -locked hard disk. However, at this time, because the normal partition table of the hard disk has been destroyed, you cannot use "FDISK" to delete and modify the partition. At this time, you can recover or rebuild the partition with software such as Diskman. 2. Because DM does not rely on the motherboard BIOS to identify the hard disk tools, even if the hard disk is set to "None" in the motherboard BIOS, DM can also identify the hard disk and perform partitions and formatting. DM software is unlocked by hard disk. First copy the DM to a system disk, turn on the lock -up hard disk, press the "DEL" key to enter the BIOS settings, set all IDE interfaces to "None" and save it. Then use a soft disk to start the system. It can start with "lock", because the system is equal to no hard disk at this time. After starting the DM, you will find that DM can identify the hard disk and select the hard disk for partition formatting. This method is simple and convenient, but there is a fatal disadvantage that the data on the hard disk cannot keep the common fault seven: the hard disk cannot be lifted at the time of the boot. The failure of the system does not recognize the hard disk is often the most terrible. The main reason for this failure is that the data of the main guidance sector of the hard disk is destroyed, manifested as the main guidance signs of the hard disk or the loss of the partition logo. The culprit of this failure is often a virus, and it covers the wrong data to the main guidance sector. Some common anti -virus software on the market provides the function of repairing the hard disk, everyone may wish to try it. However, if there is no such tool disk at hand, you can try to write the full 0 data into the main guidance sector, and then re -partition and formatting. Enter the following commands (notes in brackets): a:> debug (enter the debug program) -F 100 3FF0 (clearing the content of the data area to 0) -A 400 (adding the following command) mov ax, 0301 mov bx, 0100 MOV CX, 0001 MOV DX, 0080 int 13 int 03 -g = 400 (command of the disk to execute the disk) -s (retreat debug program) uses this method to resurrect your hard disk, but because you need to re -partition the partition, you need to re -distinguish the partition The data inside is difficult to guarantee. The above are some common faults and solutions of hard disks in daily use. I hope to inspire everyone. If the hard disk fault is very serious and cannot be treated with some of the above methods, it is likely to be a mechanical failure. Because the structure of the hard disk is quite complicated, it is not recommended to disassemble the user by themselves, but the professionals should be used to repair it.
2#Memory
Memory is one of the most important accessories in the computer. Its role is beyond doubt. So what are the most common faults in memory?
Copic faults